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The role of nurse from physician perspective in pharmaceutical care
Poláková, Lucie ; Hocková, Jana (advisor) ; Švárová, Beáta (referee)
Introduction to the problem: Pharmacotherapy is a very complex and specific topic. Many of healthcare professionals, including nurses, are involved in pharmacotherapy management. Although this field is ensured by various legal standards, some competences of nurses are not clearly defined. The primary aim of this research was to analyse the current role of the nurse in pharmacotherapy out of a physician's perspective. Methodology: The data as a part of the multicentric project was collected in the form of semi- structured in-depth interviews with selected physicians also called key-informants. The obtained data were analysed by open coding followed by categorisation. Finally, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis was used to assess the opportunities and threats, which are related to determination of the ideal role of the nurse in drug administration. Results: Current practice shows that nurses are performing activities beyond their competences. Therefore, I consider legislative changes in this area appropriate. At many departments is not cooperation with the clinical pharmacist well established, moreover in some cases doctors are not interested in it. In contrast, the literature also the workplaces, where the clinical pharmacist is part of the team reports many benefits....
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The effect of a low carbohydrate diet on the compensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Sedlářová, Lenka ; Sucharda, Petr (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and several secondary complications. The prevalence of patients is constantly increasing, and thus the effort to improve the quality of therapy, new findings, and procedures capable of being applied in clinical practice are sought. Patients live with the disease for a long time, and the purpose of treatment is to improve the quality of life of diabetics and delay the onset of associated health complications. A combination of regimen measures is essential for successful treatment. Dietary measures in the form of a low-carbohydrate diet are still a popular choice of dietary options among diabetics. The aim of the practical part of the work was to prove the positive effect of a low- carbohydrate diet on T2D compensation. The primary objective was to demonstrate a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients who eat or have eaten according to the principles of a low-carbohydrate diet for at least 12 months. Secondary objectives were set as follows: reduction of relative weight (BMI), reduction of pharmacotherapy and/or reduction of daily doses of antidiabetic drugs, reduction of fasting blood glucose and improvement of the lipid spectrum. The research group included patients from the...
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Measuring adherence in patients with oral targeted therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Hanusová, Barbora ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Kolmanová, Eliška (referee)
Measuring adherence in patients with oral targeted therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia Author: Barbora Hanusová Tutor: doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a hematological disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of mature B-cells. New oral targeted drugs have been used in clinical practice to treat CLL. The aim of this thesis was to measure adherence to oral targeted drugs, analyze pharmacotherapy and identify drug-related problems (DRP) and their management. Methods: The cross-sectional pilot study ran from September 2022 to March 2023 in University Hospital Hradec Králové. Patients ≥ 18 years old, with CLL diagnosis treated with ibrutinib, acalabrutinib or venetoclax were included. Medical data and pharmacotherapy were obtained using electronic medical records and patients' medication records. Guided interviews were performed to measure patients' adherence to oral targeted oncolytics using Czech version of The Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS-CZ) and determine their opinions about medicine using Czech translation of The Beliefs about Medicines...
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Paramedics Point of View on Pharmacotherapy in Prehospital Care
VACEK, Daniel
The bachelor thesis on the topic of Pharmacotherapy in pre-hospital emergency care from the perspective of a paramedic is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with the competencies of paramedics, individual drug groups that are used in pre-hospital emergency care and are part of emergency medical service vehicles. Three goals were set for the bachelor thesis. The first goal was to map the paramedic´s knowledge of pharmacotherapy. The second goal was to map the knowledge and procedure of paramedics about the possibilities of pharmacotherapy administration without the indication of an emergency medical service doctor. The third goal was to map the knowledge and procedure of paramedics about the possibilities of pharmacotherapy administration based on the indication of an emergency medical service physician. A qualitative research survey using the technique of semi-structured interview was carried out. Interviews were conducted with 14 paramedics of the South Bohemian Region Emergency Medical Service from the regional centres of Prachatice, Strakonice, Tábor, Písek, Český Krumlov, České Budějovice and Jindřichův Hradec. The results of the work say that the interviewed paramedics have enough knowledge in the issue of pharmacotherapy in pre-hospital emergency care, in which they are well oriented, both in drug groups and in indications and dosage. Paramedics know their competences, but they sometimes consciously exceed them.
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Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis
Horáčková, Hana ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Sumová, Alena (referee) ; Soukup, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Hana Horackova Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Frantisek Staud, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis Depression in pregnancy is an increasingly common problem and it is reported that up to 25 % of pregnant women suffer from depression and approximately 13 % are prescribed antidepressants. Currently, the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in pregnancy are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, the safety of these treatments is still controversial, as poor pregnancy outcomes such as organ malformations, increased incidence of neurological disorders, and preeclampsia have been reported in pregnant women taking antidepressants. However, knowledge of the responsible mechanisms is still lacking at present as they have not been sufficiently investigated. Although the effect of antidepressants on the availability of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine in brain tissue has been extensively characterized in the literature, the interactions of antidepressants with placental monoamine transporters have not received attention to date. However,...
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Placental transport of dopamine and norepinephrine
Turková, Helena ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Eduard (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Helena Turková Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Placental transport of dopamine and norepinephrine During the whole course of pregnancy, it is important to maintain proper monoamine homeostasis, namely serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA), which are crucial for proper placental function and fetal development. Monoamines are important neuromodulators, involved in cell proliferation, and differentiation. and neuronal migration. High fetal monoamine secretion during gestation demands a responsible clearance mechanism, as disruption of their balance may lead to long-lasting changes in brain structure and function, provoking a higher risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism or depression. However, uptake of NE a DA through the fetoplacental unit has not been fully and in detail described. Therefore, in this diploma thesis, we focus on the uptake of NE and DA through ex vivo isolated vesicles of microvillous (MVM) and basal (BM) membranes from healthy human term placentas. Our results show that NE and DA uptake is mediated via high-affinity and low-capacity serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine (NET) transporters in...
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Pharmacotherapy in the treatment of opioid addiction
Bodinková, Jolana ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Kašík, Petr (referee)
Opiate addiction represents a difficult problem, both medically and socially. With millions of affected people, either by such kinds of addiction or its side effects, across the globe, the condition requires its resolution to be effective, which can be provided by opioid pharmacotherapy, either methadone-, buprenorphine- or naloxone-based. In regard to increasing numbers of not only cases but also deaths, related to drug overdose, opiate addiction treatments still remain underused in medical settings. This thesis summarizes pharmacotherapy practices used during opioid use disorder treatments. Its main part predominantly focuses on the description of therapeutical procedures, their advantages, and deficiencies. Keywords: opioid abuse, pharmacotherapy, methadone, buprenorphine, naloxone
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Hypothermia from the point of view of a paramedic
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Karolina
Theme of bachelor thesis is a hypothermia from a look of the Emergency Medical Service, (paramedic). The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the main causes of hypothermia, physiological and anatomic knowledge about a skin, diagnostic hypothermia, procedure in the pre-hospital emergency care, cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient with hypothermia and the subsequent intensive care. In the practical part of the thesis, we set one goal and three research questions too.This bachelor thesis maps the awareness of paramedics about the issue of hypothermia. The first research question is aimed at ensuring that the members of Emergency Medical Service (or paramedics) have a sufficient theoretical knowledge of hypothermia.The second research question is focused on the general knowledge of the Emergency Medical Service on specific cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient with hypothermia.The third research question examines the paramedics´ expertise in the subsequent intensive care of a patient with hypothermia. The practical part of the thesis consists of a semi-structured interview with twelve paramedics from the South Bohemian Region.The interview included 23 questions. For better orientation, were results seperated to 12 categories.The goal of the bachelor thesis was accomplished thanks to answering all questions related to the research. Paramedics Responders have some knowledge about the topic of hypothermia but it is important to provide more information about the specifics of pharmacotherapy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a patient with hypothermia.I rate the research questions about intensive care very positively. This bachelor thesis could be used as a basis for educating students of non-medical pharmaceutical specializations in the future.
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Placental transport of dopamine and norepinephrine
Turková, Helena ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Eduard (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Helena Turková Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Placental transport of dopamine and norepinephrine During the whole course of pregnancy, it is important to maintain proper monoamine homeostasis, namely serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA), which are crucial for proper placental function and fetal development. Monoamines are important neuromodulators, involved in cell proliferation, and differentiation. and neuronal migration. High fetal monoamine secretion during gestation demands a responsible clearance mechanism, as disruption of their balance may lead to long-lasting changes in brain structure and function, provoking a higher risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism or depression. However, uptake of NE a DA through the fetoplacental unit has not been fully and in detail described. Therefore, in this diploma thesis, we focus on the uptake of NE and DA through ex vivo isolated vesicles of microvillous (MVM) and basal (BM) membranes from healthy human term placentas. Our results show that NE and DA uptake is mediated via high-affinity and low-capacity serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine (NET) transporters in...
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